Concrete Bills

How a Bill Becomes Law

The journey from introduction to enactment

1
IntroBill Filed
2
CmteReview & Vote
3
VoteFull Council
4
MayorSignature/Veto
5
LawEnacted
1
Introduced

A bill is formally filed with the Council and assigned a number. The Speaker sends it to a committee for review.

Council Rules §6.00, §6.30

2
Committee

The bill is under review by one or more committees. They may hold hearings, request fiscal analysis, and eventually vote.

Council Rules §6.30, §7.30, §7.60

3
Hearing Held

A public hearing took place where the public, agencies, and experts could testify about the bill.

Council Rules §7.60

4
Laid Over in Committee

The committee heard the bill but postponed voting on it. It stays on the committee calendar.

Council Rules §7.90

5
Reported from Committee

A majority of the committee voted yes. The bill now goes to the full Council for a vote.

Council Rules §7.70, §7.90

General Orders Calendar

The bill is on the Council's agenda, ready for a floor vote. No more committee action needed.

Council Rules §2.10

Adopted

The full Council passed the bill. Local laws go to the Mayor; resolutions are final.

Council Rules §8.40

Approved

Used mainly for land use items. The Council voted yes on the resolution.

Council Rules §11.70

Enacted (Mayor's Desk for Signature)

The Council passed it; now the Mayor has 30 days to sign, veto, or let it become law without a signature.

NYC Charter §37

Enacted

It's now law—either the Mayor signed it or it passed without a signature.

NYC Charter §37

Returned Unsigned by Mayor

The Mayor didn't sign or veto within 30 days, so it became law automatically.

NYC Charter §37

Vetoed

The Mayor rejected it. The Council can override with a two-thirds vote.

Council Rules §9.10; NYC Charter §37

Filed

The bill is dead. A committee recommended killing it, or the sponsor left office.

Council Rules §7.90, §10.10

Filed (End of Session)

The four-year Council session ended and the bill never passed. It must be re-introduced next session.

Council Rules §10.10

Withdrawn

The sponsor pulled the bill from consideration.

Council Rules §9.90, §11.60(b)

Defeated

The bill got a vote but failed—more members voted no than yes.

Disapproved

Used for land use and nominations. The Council voted it down.

NYC Charter §197-d

Deferred

Action postponed. Common for land use items needing more negotiation.

Companion Pending Approval by Council

Part of a package—another related bill must pass first.

About this Glossary

The NYC Council uses specific terminology to describe the status of legislation, types of legislative actions, and procedural rules. This glossary explains what each term means in plain language, with references to the official Council Rules and NYC Charter where applicable.

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